A Host Can Send a Packet to Itself at Ipv4 Address

What is the purpose of the network layer in data communications?

• Addressing End Devices - End devices must be configured with a unique IP accost for identification on the network.
• Encapsulation - The network layer encapsulates the protocol information unit (PDU) from the ship layer into a package. The encapsulation process adds IP header information, such as the IP address of the source (sending) and destination (receiving) hosts.
• Routing - The network layer provides services to straight packets to a destination host on another network. To travel to other networks, the packet must be processed by a router. The role of the router is to select the best path and directly packets toward the destination host in a process known as routing. A packet may cross many intermediary devices before reaching the destination host. Each router a packet crosses to accomplish the destination host is called a hop.
• De-encapsulation - When the bundle arrives at the network layer of the destination host, the host checks the IP header of the packet. If the destination IP address inside the header matches its own IP accost, the IP header is removed from the packet. Afterward the packet is de-encapsulated by the network layer, the resulting layer four PDU is passed up to the appropriate service at the transport layer.

What is the role of the major header fields in the IPv4 and IPv6 packets?

IPv4 -

• Version - Contains a 4-fleck binary value gear up to 0100 that identifies this as an IP version 4 packet.
• Differentiated Services - Formerly called the Type of Service field, the DS field is an 8-bit field used to determine the priority

  

  of each packet.
• Time-to-Live (TTL) - Contains an eight-scrap binary value that is used to limit the lifetime of a packet.  The packet sender sets the initial TTL value, and it is decreased by one each time the packet is processed by the router.
• Protocol - Field is used to identify the next level protocol.  This viii-bit binary value indicates the data payload blazon that the packet is carrying.
• Source IPv4 - Contains a 32-fleck binary value that represents the source IPv4 address of the packet.
• Destination IPv4 - Contains a 32-bit binary value that represents the destination IPv4 address of the packet.

IPv6 -

• Version - This field contains a 4-bit binary value gear up to 0110 that identifies this as an IPv6 packet.
• Traffic Class - This eight-flake field is the equivalent to the IPv4 DS field.
• Menstruum Characterization - This 20-scrap field suggests that all packets with the aforementioned menses characterization receive the aforementioned type of treatment by routers.
• Payload Length - This 16-flake field indicates the length of the information portion or payload of the IPv6 packet.
• Side by side Header - This 8-scrap field is equivalent to the IPv4 Protocol field.  It indicates the data payload type that the packet is carrying.
• Hop Limit - This 8-fleck field replaces the IPv4 TTL field and is decremented by a value of i past each router that forrad the package.
• Source IPv6 Address - This 128-fleck field identifies the IPv6 address of the sending host.
• Destination IPv6 Accost - This 128-flake field identifies the IPv6 address of the receiving host.

How does a host device utilise routing tables to direct packets to itself, a local destination, or a default gateway?

A host can transport a bundle to:

• Itself - A host tin can ping itself by sending a bundle to a special IPv4 address of 127.0.0.i, which is referred to as the loopback interface. Pinging the loopback interface tests the TCP/IP protocol stack on the host.
• Local Host - This is a host on the aforementioned local network as the sending host. THe hosts share the aforementioned network address.
• Rremote Host - This is a host on a remote network. The hsots do not share the same network address.
• Default Gateway - A host's routing table will typically include a default gateway. The host receives the IPv4 address of the default gateway either from DHCP or statically.

What are the similarities and differences between host routing tables and routing tables of routers?

Host routing tables brandish three sections related to the current TCP/IP network connections:

• Interface List - Lists the MAC accost and assigned interface number of every network-capable interface on the host.
• IPv4/IPv6 Route Tables - Lists all known IPv4/IPv6 routes, including directly connections, local network, and local default routes.

Router routing tables provide routing information for directly-connected networks and remote networks and has information on how the route was learned, the trustworthiness and rating of the road, when the road was last updated, and which interface to use to attain the requested destination.

What are the common components and interfaces of a router?

Common components of a router include: the Central Processing Unit (CPU), Operating Systems (Os), and memory consisting of random-access retention (RAM), read-just retentiveness (ROM), nonvolatile random-access memory (NVRAM), and flash.

Common router interfaces include:

• Panel - A concrete management port that provides out-of-ring access to a Cisco device.
• Secure Beat (SSH) - A method for remotely establishing a secure CLI connexion through a virtual interface, over a

  

  network.
• Telnet - An insecure method of remotely establishing a CLI session through a virtual interface, over a network.

What are the steps in the bootup process of a Cisco IOS router?

In that location are three major phases to the bootup process:

1. Perform the POST and load the bootstrap program;
2. Locate and load the Cisco IOS software; and
3. Locate and load the startup configuration file or enter setup fashion.

How practise y'all configure active interfaces on a Cisco router?

Router(config)# interface fastethernet (#/#)

or

Router(config)# interface gigabitethernet (#/#)

How do you configure the default gateway on network devices?

Commands to Configure a Switch Default Gateway:

Enter global configuration mode: S1# configure terminal

Configure the switch default gateway: S1(config)# ip default-gateway 172.17.99.one

Return to privileged EXEC mode: S1(config)# end

Relieve the running config to the startup config: S1# re-create running-config startup-config

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Source: https://sites.google.com/site/tvcccis101ch0283/home/assignment-6

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